Which type of clash occurs without physical overlap but violates design limitations?

The type of clash that occurs without physical overlap but violates design limitations is referred to as a soft clash. Soft clashes arise when there are spatial conflicts that do not necessarily involve the components physically touching, but rather when they are too close or improperly organized relative to design parameters, codes, or requirements. This can involve issues such as the distance between elements or allowable clearances which, although not creating tangible overlap, still disrupt the intended function or safety of the design.

Soft clashes are important to identify during the Building Information Modeling (BIM) process because they can lead to inefficiencies, increased costs, or even logistical problems during the construction phase if not addressed early in the design process. Addressing soft clashes typically requires design modifications rather than simply moving components, making it critical to enhance collaboration and communication among project stakeholders. This type of clash emphasizes the need for thorough review and analysis of the design model beyond just visual inspection alone.