In BIM practices, what do full design models and federated models represent?

Full design models and federated models represent distinct types of virtual models within the context of Building Information Modeling (BIM).

A full design model typically refers to a comprehensive representation of a project that integrates all aspects of the design, including geometry, materials, and systems. It serves as the single source of truth for all project stakeholders and is useful for detailed analysis, coordination, and visualization.

On the other hand, a federated model consists of multiple models that are combined into a single, coordinated model. This federated approach allows different disciplines, such as architecture, structural engineering, and MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing), to work on their respective models independently while enabling collaboration and coordination. The federated model captures the contributions of various stakeholders and helps identify potential conflicts early in the project lifecycle.

Understanding these distinctions is crucial in BIM practices as they facilitate better communication, enhance collaboration, and lead to more efficient project execution.